Peonia (regat)

În antichitate, Peonia (greacă Παιονία, latină Pæonia) era numele dat țării și regatului peonilor (greacă Παίονες).

În Iliada, se spune că peonii au fost aliații troienilor. În timpul invaziei persane în Grecia, peonii au fost deportați din Peonia în Asia.^[1] În 355-354 Î. hr., Filip al II-lea al Macedoniei a profitat de moartea regelui Agi al Peoniei și a pornit împotriva lor în scopul de a-i cuceri. Astfel, partea de sud a vechii Peonii a fost anexată de către anticul regat al Macedoniei și a fost numit " Peonia Macedoneană"; această regiune include orașele Astraion (mai târziu Stromnitsa), Stenae (aproape de actualul Demir Kapija), Antigoneia (lângă actualul Negotino).

Peonia corespunde aproximativ cu actualul teritoriu al Republicii Macedonia și o fâșie îngustă din nordul Macedoniei grecești, la frontiera cu Republica Macedonia, cât și o mică parte din sud-vestul Bulgariei.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Triburile

Triburile peone au fost:

Agrianes^[6] (de asemenea, Agriani și Agrii), considerați de unii - traci.
Almopians^[7] (de asemenea, Almopioi)
Laeaeans (de asemenea, Laeaei și Laiai).
Derrones^[8] (de asemenea, Derroni), considerați, de asemenea, de unii, traci.
Odomantes^[9] (de asemenea, Odomanti), considerați, de asemenea, de unii, traci.^[10]
People^[11]
Doberes^[12]
Siropaiones^[13]

A se vedea, de asemenea,

Lista orașelor peone
Agrianes
Asteropaeus
Bylazora
Deuriopus
Laeaeans
Paeonian limba
Pyraechmes
Stobi

Note

^ The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Periodhttps://books.google.com/books?id=bb7eH1LHRcAC&pg=PA205&dq=paeonians+moved+to+asia&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibsJTipf_MAhUJ1hQKHUl3B5wQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=paeonians%20moved%20to%20asia&f=false
^ Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. p. 13. ISBN 1-4051-7936-8.
^ „Paeonia”. Encyclopædia Britannica online.
^ Reames, Jeanne (2008). Howe, Timothy, ed. Macedonian Legacies. Regina Books. p. 239. ISBN 1930053568. Paeonia, roughly where the F.Y.R.O.M. is today.
^ Ovid; Green, Peter (2005). The Poems of Exile. University of California Press, 2005. p. 319. Ovid was lax in his geography, not least over Paeonia (in fact roughly coextensive with the present F.Y.R.O.M.).
^ Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2 by Lolita Nikolova, ISBN: 1-84171-334-1, 2003, page 529, "eastern Paionians (Agrianians and Laeaeans)"
^ The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, Richard Crawley^⁠(d), and Victor Davis Hanson, 1998, ISBN: 0-684-82790-5, page 153,"... of them still live round Physcasb- and the Almopians from Almopia.
^ The Cambridge Ancient History, Martin Percival Charlesworth, ISBN: 0-521-85073-8, ISBN: 978-0-521-85073-5 Volume 4, Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525 to 479 B.C, John Boardman, page 252, "The Paeonians were the earlier owners of some of these mines, but after their defeat in the coastal sector they maintained their independence in the mainland and coined large denominations in the upper Strymon and the Upper Axius area in the names of the Laeaei and the Derrones"
^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, ISBN: 0-19-814099-1, page 854, .
^ Thrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian.
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, ... "was that a number of Paeonian tribes - the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, .
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 452, ".
^ The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, "... was that a number of Paeonian tribes - the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, .

[1] The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Periodhttps://books.google.com/books?id=bb7eH1LHRcAC&pg=PA205&dq=paeonians+moved+to+asia&hl=bg&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwibsJTipf_MAhUJ1hQKHUl3B5wQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=paeonians%20moved%20to%20asia&f=false

[2] Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. p. 13. ISBN 1-4051-7936-8.

[3] „Paeonia”. Encyclopædia Britannica online.

[4] Reames, Jeanne (2008). Howe, Timothy, ed. Macedonian Legacies. Regina Books. p. 239. ISBN 1930053568. Paeonia, roughly where the F.Y.R.O.M. is today.

[5] Ovid; Green, Peter (2005). The Poems of Exile. University of California Press, 2005. p. 319. Ovid was lax in his geography, not least over Paeonia (in fact roughly coextensive with the present F.Y.R.O.M.).

[Lolita_Nikolova_2003,_page_529-6] Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2 by Lolita Nikolova, ISBN: 1-84171-334-1, 2003, page 529, "eastern Paionians (Agrianians and Laeaeans)"

[7] The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, Richard Crawley^⁠(d), and Victor Davis Hanson, 1998, ISBN: 0-684-82790-5, page 153,"... of them still live round Physcasb- and the Almopians from Almopia.

[8] The Cambridge Ancient History, Martin Percival Charlesworth, ISBN: 0-521-85073-8, ISBN: 978-0-521-85073-5 Volume 4, Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525 to 479 B.C, John Boardman, page 252, "The Paeonians were the earlier owners of some of these mines, but after their defeat in the coastal sector they maintained their independence in the mainland and coined large denominations in the upper Strymon and the Upper Axius area in the names of the Laeaei and the Derrones"

[9] An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, ISBN: 0-19-814099-1, page 854, .

[10] Thrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian.

[11] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, ... "was that a number of Paeonian tribes - the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, .

[12] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 452, ".

[13] The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, ISBN: 0-14-044908-6, 2003, page 315, "... was that a number of Paeonian tribes - the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, .

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